by ohthatpatrick Mon Aug 26, 2013 2:53 pm
The most obvious strong language cues are absolutes:
All, always, any, each, every, whenever
No, none, never, cannot,
Anything conditional is strongly worded, so we also look out for all the conditional trigger words:
if, then, only, only if, unless, requires, ensures, guarantees, necessitates
But the category that students frequently don't realize is ALSO very strong and potentially dangerous is paraphrases of "most":
most, a majority, generally, typically, usually, probably, likely, tends to
You also would be concerned about ideas that rank something above other things:
main, primary, primarily, most important
Finally, this isn't really STRONG language but still "Red Flag" language, you want to be very cautious about making comparisons:
more, better, stronger, less, healthier, etc.
You want to be concerned about making value judgments if you've only read facts:
should, ought
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By contrast, weak language is basically just expressing that something exists or is possible.
can, may, might, could, at least, some, sometimes
Whenever you rule out something extreme, it's also very weak and safe:
not all, not always, not necessarily, need not
Quick contrast:
She is not capable of sounding intelligent. (STRONG idea)
She is not always capable of sounding intelligent (WEAK idea)
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The context for being on guard against extreme language is mainly
Inference, Necessary Assumption, and most Reading Comp questions
By contrast, the times when you WANT stronger language, if possible are
Sufficient Assumption, Strengthen, Weaken, Explain a Paradox, Principle Support
i.e., all the question stems that say
"Which of the following, if true / if assumed / if valid ...."
Hope this helps.