If there's any implication made in this paragraph, it has to be the implication of Garriga and Vilenkin's research. That implication (what the research shows) is applied to Carroll and Chen's theory, and resolves a puzzle (extremely low possibility of having a hot and dense universe at first) in the...

(B) is incorrect for: Although based on the second law of T author infers that our initial universe has to be in a low-entropy state, namely, a cold and empty one, "the multiverse hypothesis" clearly makes a case for the low possibility of having a dense and hot universe. So the author is ...

For answer choice (B), although its format looks like F&O's study (ethnic identity persists despite of ties being weakened), we got to pay to the word "practices." Cultural practices are way more specific and different from ethnic identity. If (B) changes into "They suggested that...

I feel like answer choice (B) isn't so good. It defines "meet high ethical standard" as "refrain from unethical behavior," but the problem is the latter seems to be a bottom line of "notably ethical action," which appears in the conclusion. So if, as the premise indicat...