Q5

[zwatson1]

I'm not sure why question #5 is A? I chose answer E because I thought that since G,H are both botanists and according to the second constraint if more than one botanist is selected then at most one zoologist is selected. I thought that either P or Q must be selected because of the second rule. I would really appreciate some help. Thanks

[ManhattanPrepLSAT2]

First let's discuss why (A) is correct, then we can see why (E) is incorrect:

As you mentioned, if G and H are selected, only one zoologist can be selected. That means that our combinations for 5 could either be--

2 botanists, 2 chemists, and 1 zoologist or

3 botanists, 1 chemist, and 1 zoologist.

For the first scenario, K would have to be one of the two chemists selected, because of the 3 chemists available, one (M) cannot be selected (because this would lead to 2 zoologists being included).

For the second scenario, F would have to be selected.

Therefore, in any case, either K or F has to be selected.

In terms of (E) -- -- does P or Q have to be in? No. R, the other zoologist, could be the one that is picked. The five could be...

FGHLR

and that would okay.

Hope that makes sense! Please let us know if you have any further questions!

[JonT]

Could someone post a diagram of the correct answer? I also chose "e" as zwatson did.

I think I get what Mike is saying, but it would help if I could actually visualize it.

Thanks!

[ManhattanPrepLSAT2]

The complete diagram for this game can be found here: diagram-t481.html

I've attached the mini-diagram I might draw next to this particular problem.

The key inferences are --
1) there must be exactly 1 Zoologist
2) that must mean M is out (because it would force 2 Zoologists in).

So, we already have at least 2 botanists, and exactly 1 zoologist, and there are exactly 5 people to be selected...

Notice there are three people left for the two slots left to be filled -- F, K and L.

At this point, you can stop -- if two of those three have to fill slots, by mathematical deduction we can figure out that F or K has to be selected.

If we wanted to think about it further, of the three elements remaining, F, K, L, since F and K force each other out, the only pairs of elements that could finish the selection are -- LF or LK. Therefore, L must be selected, and either F or K must be selected.

I can see that (E) is a tempting answer. When you saw it, hopefully you did so with the understanding that exactly one zoologist was selected. In that case, you want to ask yourself, "Must it be true that P or Q is selected? What about R?" That second part is what you'd want to test out, and there is no problem with R being selected instead of P or Q.

Hope that helps clarify things. Please follow up if you have additional questions.