4. (A)
Question Type: Identify the Flaw
Danto Foods has a competitive motive to claim that Ocksenfrey’s products are devoid of nutritional value, but that doesn’t necessarily mean that Danto Foods is lying. Take the following analogous argument:
John and Sally are competing in a spelling bee. John said that Sally spelled her last word incorrectly. But John really wants to win, so this means that John’s claims are false and that Sally actually spelled her word correctly.
Isn’t it possible that John wants to win AND that Sally spelled her word incorrectly? Just because John is biased doesn’t necessarily mean that his claims are false. Answer choice (A) clearly expresses this type of flaw.
(B) is incorrect. We have no information on the sample size.
(C) is out of scope. Ocksenfrey’s motivations are irrelevant. We care only about Danto’s motivations, since these motivations provide the support for the final conclusion.
(D) is out of scope. We don’t care about Danto’s meals. The conclusion of the argument focuses only on Ocksenfrey’s meals.
(E) is out of scope. Danto Foods’ products are not at issue here.
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