Q21 - Each of the many people who

[Celeste757]

Hello,

I got this one down to B and D, and of course chose D (wrong of the 2... B is correct). However, I don't really understand why.

PCS --> cert
PCS ... some are not active in art

B makes sense, saying that not all the cert people are active in art. you could do PCS --> cert ... some not active in art, so thats the same thing and fine.

BUT isnt D also the contrapositive of the top?

~ cert --> ~ PCS

? Thats why i am confused on this...
thanks!!

[theaether]

I took (D) to mean received certificate --> participated in spring cleanup. If you look at it this way, then you know you can't make that inference. It's actually the mistaken reversal of the conditions in the stimulus, not the contrapositive. The person who received the certificate could have gotten it from some other activity, right?

The contra would be something like "A person who did not receive a certificate definitely did not participate in the spring cleanup."

[giladedelman]

Exactly! (D) is saying, if you got a certificate, you participated in the cleanup. So you were just translating it wrong, Celeste.

[alula08]

I'm unclear about why C is wrong. Don't we know for sure that if a person participates in arts fair they don't receive a community recognition certificate? I understand how B is the correct answer and why the others are wrong.

Thanks for the help in advance.

[giladedelman]

Nope! We don't know that. Here's what we know:

- Everybody who participated in the spring cleanup got a certificate
- The cleanup was at the same time as the arts fair
- Some of the cleanup people are not active in the arts scene

Notice that it never says that cleaner-uppers are the only people who got a certificate. It just says that all of them did. It's entirely possible that some people, or even everyone, at the arts fair got a certificate as well! Shoot, maybe everyone in town gets a certificate.

So (B) must be true because we know every cleaner-upper got a certificate, but some of those people aren't active in the arts scene.

(A) is out because while it could be true, it doesn't have to be.

(C) is about because like we just said, there's no evidence that art-fair people didn't get certificates.

(D) is out because, as we said in earlier posts, just because everyone in the cleanup got a certificate doesn't mean that everyone who got a certificate was involved in the cleanup.

(E) is just super out of scope; we don't know anything about concern for the environment.

You dig?

[cdjmarmon]

What is another way to write (D) in a sentence. I always get thrown off by the questions that start with No or none or have a double negative.

Is there some kind of elementary trick of rewriting sentences like that into common english?

[giladedelman]

Hmm, there might be a trick, but I don't know any. Some general advice with these types of sentences (and any sentence that you're having trouble understanding, really) is to focus on the different parts one at a time, rather than trying to grasp the whole thing at once.

"No person who received a community recognition certificate ..."

Ok, so if you got a certificate, then the following thing definitely DOES NOT apply to you.

"... has not participated in the spring cleanup."

Ok, so if you got a certificate, you're not one of the people who has not participated in the spring cleanup. So you must have participated in it.

So, yeah, break it down into little bites and you might find it somewhat easier to manage.

[cdjmarmon]

What would this translate into?

No one who is not a supervisor in the shipping department has the assertiveness this task requires.

[timmydoeslsat]

What would this translate into?

No one who is not a supervisor in the shipping department has the assertiveness this task requires.

~Supervisor ---> ~Assertiveness the task requires

[patrice.antoine]

Isn't "not all" the same as saying "some"?

If so, where in this stimulus supports "some" who received certificates are active in the artistic circles?

Though (B) makes entire sense with "not all" instead of some.

[nicholasasquith]

Isn't "not all" the same as saying "some"?

Not exactly. To put it into perspective, if I say "Give me some chips" you could give me 1 chip or the entire bag. If I say "Don't give me all of the chips" you are specifically precluding the latter possibility. So...its the difference of that 1%, some being 1-100% and not all being 1-99%.

[kjjida9797]

just to make sure

B) Not all of those who received community recognition certificates are active in the town's artistic circles

is same as

Some of those who received community recognition certificates are NOT active in the town's artistic circles

is this correct?