Q2

[dandrew]

Is (D) too strong because it focuses solely on long-term needs and abandons any short-term relief? Correct answer (B) addresses both.

[ohthatpatrick]

Yes, you're right, ONLY long term is not what the 3rd paragraph suggested. It wanted to "shift the focus the long term" but also for a response to take place "in a disaster's immediate aftermath" (line 32 and 39, respectively).

But it's more than just that.

The centerpiece of the 3rd paragraph's plan is that we ask "the community members to define the form and method of aid most appropriate to their needs" (34-36).

(B) offers the coordinated efforts of relief agencies, donors, and community members.

(D) only discusses the efforts/input of the donors and relief agencies.

Also, the plan from the 3rd paragraph is supposed to be developed "long before the onset of the crisis" (line 38).

(B) talks about the plan being developed 'several years ago'.
(D) implies that the thorough study would happen AFTER the flood.

Hope this helps.