15: P--N--O--T (From early to later).
We know that T comes after G and O (rule 2), and we know that N comes after P (rule 3). Hence, this condition adds that N comes before O. So therefore by combining the rules, P comes before O.
16: G, O are essentially the same as far as the rules are concerned, so by simple logic since they're both choices, chances are they're not going to be the correct choice. If P was in the second slot of day two, then N would have to be in day 3. That would mean that T cannot be in day 3, but that is problematic because now T has nowhere to go (rule 3 and rule2).
One challenge is getting the answer fast. I find that by locating the key rules, the ones that impact a larger number of variables, and seeing how a particular position can force this key variable set into unattainable positions helps to quickly choose the correct choice.