We need to help explain why two groups of students did so differently. The first group, had part- or full-time jobs, had early morning classes, and no social life. They by the way had the highest grades in the class. The second group were students who had no job, early morning classes, and an active social life. They also had the lowest grades in the class.
Both groups have demands on their time. The high scoring students have the demands of work, while the low scoring students have the demands of a busy social life. Both groups have less time to study than they otherwise could have, and neither group has lost a clearly larger amount of time than the other.
Answer choice (A) introduces a difference in how students respond to lost time depending on whether it was for work or for a social life. The difference helps to explain the different student outcomes and so is correct.
Incorrect Answers
(B) makes it even harder for those students with part-time jobs to do well. This makes things less clear, eliminate!
(C) presents information that is actually common to both groups of students and so makes the difference less clear as well.
(D) introduces a difference between members of one of the two groups, when it should have introduced a difference between the two groups themselves.
(E) introduces a difference between part-time and full-time workers and also a similarity between full-time students and those students with a busy social life. Neither of those factors help to explain the difference between those with jobs and those with a busy social life.