Where would your out group be and what would it represent?
Since each person does 4/5 sports, you could have an out group of 1 slot in each column (N's and O's). Alternatively, or even additionally, you could have an out group for any row that gives more than two options for the sports, since only two will be used. So, Fall and Summer would each have an out group with one slot and Spring would have an out group of two slots.
When I played this game, I didn't use out groups and for 23 just looked at the cascade of inferences that emanated from the condition that Otto never runs.
When I went back for a replay with the outgroups, it was clunkier and didn't actually help me answer the questions, so this may be a case of less is more.
Check out the scratchwork here:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1w2TdB93UDcQoYBkYo8H3YM90NvYjbwbn7eyvMc-mhfQ/edit?usp=sharing