the COMMA -ING modifier modifies the action of the purple clause, and also applies to the subject of the purple clause -- namely, the relative pronoun "that". this relative pronoun, in turn, refers to "lower-end insurance plans". so the rule still works. Hi Ron, if I understand ...

In the past several years, astronomers have detected more than 80 massive planets, most of them as large or larger than Jupiter, which circle other stars. most of them as large or larger than Jupiter, which circle most of them as large or larger than Jupiter and circling most of them at least as la...

look at just this part of choice d: ... while if substituted for more traditional fertilizers, this substitution you can't do this. if you precede a clause with an initial modifier that doesn't have a subject , then the noun IMMEDIATELY FOLLOWING THE COMMA is automatically assigned as the subject o...

Sorry to pop up the old posts, however, I have below questions: Q1: I understand the below rules from Ron's previous post about 'appositive': * "COMMA + ABSTRACT NOUN" can be used to refer back to the WHOLE IDEA of the preceding clause * "COMMA + CONCRETE NOUN" is normally used t...

sure -- here's one such version If current trends continue, by the year 2010 carbon emissions in the United States will soar to a level that is more than one-third higher than was the level in 1990. I have a question regarding when helping verb is necessary in comparison. In the above example, why ...

In the example you cite "circling" would follow "planets" directly except that "planets" is followed by a modifying phrase marked off by commas. In other words, the commas have nothing to do with the -ing word. Consider: John photographed his wife wearing a bustier. No...

Sorry to pop up old post. However, I have below 2 questions: 1. "seems TO BE" in the original sentence is present tense, while OA is "seems to have used", which is present perfect. Can you tell me why it's allowed in OA? 2. Why ambuiguity of parallesim is allowed in OA, since I m...

Please remember to use the correct subject when posting: the first 5-8 words of the question itself. Between D and E, the only difference is "those of" at the end of E (absent from D). So you ask yourself "what is being compared here?" The earnings in one quarter to the earnings...

yeah. i don't think that pronoun ambiguity is the criterion here. the sentence is supposed to say that today's small cars are more fuel-efficient than previous small cars -- i.e., OTHER small cars. this is important, because you can't use a "they"/"their" construction (which wou...

(d) and (e) contain a COMMA + -ING modifier that is used incorrectly. a COMMA + -ING modifier is an adverbial modifier that modifies the entire clause to which it's attached, and is attributed to the subject of that clause. in this context, you only want to modify the preceding noun ("tribes&q...

I just came back from my 2nd GMAT attempt today and was very disappointed & suprised with the result I got - 630 (M50 V24). My verbal was even decreased from 1st attempt (V27). I have to list up my situations and hope instructors can offer some analysis / advice, since I was really confused with...

40. Some airline companies prefer to spend extra money on leather seats for their aircraft, sometimes twice as expensive as the others, because they last two times as long. (A) Some airline companies prefer to spend extra money on leather seats for their aircraft, sometimes twice as expensive as the...

I don't question the official answer, but I try to understand better. I understand only alive stuff can use the form " 's". Why is it allowed to have "respiratory system’s" in OA, while system is not something alive. This really bothers me, since normally I eliminate choices by t...

Ron, Thanks for your great explanations as always. I dont' question OA. However, I try to understand at which occasion, I can eliminate answer choices by certain criteria and at which occasion, I cannot. Here is what confuses me: you ever wrote in the other post: *you can't write "of + NOUN + V...