hello Somebody in above posts mentioned the reason for rejecting choice D is that 'which' seems to modify date instead of the act of congress... if this is correct if am really getting confused with use of which directly after comma... I know few rules for use of which after comma. 1) it should unam...
I agree with all your explainations above regarding parallelism around and... but if i closely look at choice e there is 'and' too and this 'and' parallels all the reasons such as erosion, pre-historic glacier movement and Z Z here is volcanic activity... but the way it is presented totally confuses...