Opening Modifiers

[BK87]

There is a sentence example on page 69 of the SC book (in the chapter on Pronouns) as follows:

"Confronted by radical changes in production and distribution, modern Hollywood studies are attempting various experiments in an effort to retain their status as the primary arbiters of movie consumption."

My question relates to the opening modifer ("Confronted by radical...."). Would this be considered a subordinate clause? Also, is it true that all subordinate clauses need a subject and verb?

Thanks in advance for your help.

[BK87]

Can an instructor please respond?

[RonPurewal]

i don't know the terminology here. what's important is to understand how the modifier works, not to stick a label on it.

if you have "confronted by xxxx", that construction must be followed immediately by the person/thing that is confronted by xxxx.

[RonPurewal]

Can an instructor please respond?

we answer these things from oldest to newest, so doing this ^^ serves only to lengthen your waiting time.